Ponte e Castel Sant'Angelo
Reference: | S36338 |
Author | Felix BENOIST |
Year: | 1864 ca. |
Zone: | Ponte e Castel Sant'Angelo |
Measures: | 410 x 270 mm |
Reference: | S36338 |
Author | Felix BENOIST |
Year: | 1864 ca. |
Zone: | Ponte e Castel Sant'Angelo |
Measures: | 410 x 270 mm |
Description
Black pencil drawing with white lead elevations, 360x252 mm. Bottom right bears the inscription Chateau Sant- Ange.
Belongs to a collection of 127 works unearthed from a French antiquarian who, in turn, had acquired them from the heirs of publisher Henri-Désiré Charpentier (La Rochelle 1805 - Vertou 1882); they are all done in black pencil, some have white lead highlighting; they never bear the date and signature of the author, but only a brief caption relating to the subjects depicted. The drawings denote a skilled and expert hand - especially in the delineation of buildings, ruins and architecture - that restores the monuments of Rome from interesting and unusual perspective points. The reference of most of the drawings to some of the tinted lithographs by Felix and Philippe Benoist, published in the three-volume work Rome dans sa grandeur, immediately became clear. The fact that this is a large group of original drawings related to the famous work edited by Henri-Désiré Charpentier is clearly supported by the prestigious provenance; it is a part of Charpentier's heir fund, among which the material of the famous chalcographic workshop had been divided.
Rome dans sa grandeur. Vues, monument ancient et modernes was printed in Paris in 3 volumes, in 1870. The publication, illustrated by 100 lithographs, was preceded by a campaign of preparatory drawings, dating from 1864 until 1869, executed mainly by Félix Benoist and partly by Philippe Benoist. On the eve of the Concilio Ecumenico Vaticano I, on August 11, 1869, Pius IX decreed the creation of a Roman Exhibition of the works of every art executed for Catholic worship, which was inaugurated, on February 17, 1870, in the cloister of the Carthusian monastery of Santa Maria degli Angeli. On that occasion, the three folio volumes Rome dans sa grandeur were presented. The lavishly bound volumes, with the coat of arms of Pius IX stamped in the center in gold, are divided into three sections. The first volume deals with ancient Rome, the second, with Christian Rome, and the third, with the monuments and achievements of modern Rome. A valuable view of papal Rome on the eve of Rome's profound transformation into the capital of united Italy. A document that highlights the remarkable imprint left by Pius IX on the Eternal City. The work represents the French artist's masterpiece, so much so that it places Benoist among the ranks of the greatest artists of interiors and views of his time.
The sheets used for the preliminary studies vary in size (from 170 mm x 240 to 490 x 300 mm), weight and even color gradation (from beige to green). Many of the drawings undeniably represent different preparatory stages - more or less complete - of some of the dyed lithographs illustrating the magnificent work, others of the silographic vignettes included in the text, while other sketches do not find translation in print. Belonging to this second group are both sketches relating to monuments and views of Rome and its surroundings: ancient Ostia, Grottaferrata, Olevano Romano, Anzio, Nettuno, Velletri and Vicovaro. Far beyond from Rome are drawings relating to Naples and Loreto. The suite was to form part of the entire fund, later dispersed, of preparatory studies from which the hundred intended for lithographic printing were selected.
Preparatory study for plate – Pont et Chateau Saint-Ange, avec Saint-Pierre. Vue prise de la rive gauche du Tibre.
The plate is one of six that accompany paragraph VII of the first chapter, entitled Promenade sur le Tibre, edited by Edmond Lafond:
“Ne vous semble-t-il pas que nos promenades dans Rome ne seraient pas complètes si nous n'y ajoutions une excursion en bateau sur le Tibre, en longeant ses rives, pendant que ce fleuve-roi traverse la Ville Éternelle? Dans presque toutes les cités traversées par des fleuves, c'est sur leurs bords quc l'on trouve les vues les plus pittoresques et les souvenirs les plus intéressants. Rome ne fait pas exception à cette règle, depuis le jour lointain où sesdeux fondateurs furent exposés sur les flots du Tibre, comme Moise sur ceux du Nil”.
The promenade starts in the vicinity of Porta del Popolo, from the “promenade du Poussin ‘so called because “c'était là où notre grand peintre français allait promener ses reveries, en observant les teintes inimitables que le soleil couchant jette chaque soir sur les monuments de Rome” and ends at the Port of Ripa-Grande.
“Poursuivons notre navigation le long des màisons qui bordent la via di Tor di Nona, mais avant de passer sous le pont Saint-Ange, admirons-le. C'est le plus beau de Rome; ses piles sont décorées des statues de saint Pierre et de saint Paul et d'anges portant les insignes de la Passion. Il conduit au chateau Saint-Ange, dont la tour colossale fut construite par l'empereur Adrien qui voulut en faire son mausolée, en imitation des pyramides d'Égypte. Le caprice d'un empereur romain alla chercher cet énorme modèle sur les bords du Nil; il condamna l'architecte à travailler comme pour des géants et à élever cet edifice pour recueillir un jour sa vaine poussière, qui n'y est plus. […]
Le mole d'Adrien, comme on l'appelait, est devenu au moyen-âge la citadelle de Rome; plusieurs papes s'y sont défendus contre leurs ennemis; plusieurs papes y furent retenus prisonniers, et Jean X y fut mis à mort par les ordres de Marozie et de son époux Guy, marquis de Toscane.
Lors de la grande procession et de la grande litanie par laquelle saint Grégoire le Grand s'efforça de conjurer la colère du Ciel qui décimait par la peste la population de Rome, ce pieux pontife vit tout-à-coup, au-dessus du mòle d'Adrien, ainsi qu'il le raconte dans ses ouvrages, un ange qui remettait son épéc dans le fourreau. A partir de ce moment, la contagion perdit de son intensité. C'est afin de perpétuer le souvenir de cette apparition, que Boniface IV érigea, sur le sommet du mausolée de l'empereur romain, une chapelle dédiée à saint Michel, sous le titre de Saint-Ange inter Nubes. Le mausolée perdit dès lors son nom antique. Transformé en forteresse depuis les invasions des barbares et placé ensuite sous l'invocation des puissances célestes, ce ne fut plus pour le peuple le mòle d'Adrien, mais le chateau Saint-Ange” (Rome dans sa Grandeur, Rome Moderne, c. I, p. 64).
The last image, which is not for sale, represents the tinted lithograph included in Rome dans sa grandeur. Vues, monument ancient et modernes, and allows us to compare it with the preparatory drawing.
Félix Benoist was a skilful and composed litographer and one of the most renewed French artists of landscapes in the 19th century. He printed many works together with Philippe Benoist, painter and lithographer born in Geneva in 1813, among which are: “Rome dans sa grandeur” a beautiful and thorough work on Papal Rome.
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Félix Benoist was a skilful and composed litographer and one of the most renewed French artists of landscapes in the 19th century. He printed many works together with Philippe Benoist, painter and lithographer born in Geneva in 1813, among which are: “Rome dans sa grandeur” a beautiful and thorough work on Papal Rome.
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