

Reference: | S36387 |
Author | Felix BENOIST |
Year: | 1864 ca. |
Zone: | Tempio di Antonino e Faustina |
Measures: | 465 x 295 mm |
Reference: | S36387 |
Author | Felix BENOIST |
Year: | 1864 ca. |
Zone: | Tempio di Antonino e Faustina |
Measures: | 465 x 295 mm |
Drawing in black pencil, mm 468x295, lower right bears the inscription Antonin et Faustine.
Belongs to a collection of 127 works unearthed from a French antiquarian who, in turn, had acquired them from the heirs of publisher Henri-Désiré Charpentier (La Rochelle 1805 - Vertou 1882); they are all done in black pencil, some have white lead highlighting; they never bear the date and signature of the author, but only a brief caption relating to the subjects depicted. The drawings denote a skilled and expert hand - especially in the delineation of buildings, ruins and architecture - that restores the monuments of Rome from interesting and unusual perspective points. The reference of most of the drawings to some of the tinted lithographs by Felix and Philippe Benoist, published in the three-volume work Rome dans sa grandeur, immediately became clear. The fact that this is a large group of original drawings related to the famous work edited by Henri-Désiré Charpentier is clearly supported by the prestigious provenance; it is a part of Charpentier's heir fund, among which the material of the famous chalcographic workshop had been divided.
Rome dans sa grandeur. Vues, monument ancient et modernes was printed in Paris in 3 volumes, in 1870. The publication, illustrated by 100 lithographs, was preceded by a campaign of preparatory drawings, dating from 1864 until 1869, executed mainly by Félix Benoist and partly by Philippe Benoist. On the eve of the Concilio Ecumenico Vaticano I, on August 11, 1869, Pius IX decreed the creation of a Roman Exhibition of the works of every art executed for Catholic worship, which was inaugurated, on February 17, 1870, in the cloister of the Carthusian monastery of Santa Maria degli Angeli. On that occasion, the three folio volumes Rome dans sa grandeur were presented. The lavishly bound volumes, with the coat of arms of Pius IX stamped in the center in gold, are divided into three sections. The first volume deals with ancient Rome, the second, with Christian Rome, and the third, with the monuments and achievements of modern Rome. A valuable view of papal Rome on the eve of Rome's profound transformation into the capital of united Italy. A document that highlights the remarkable imprint left by Pius IX on the Eternal City. The work represents the French artist's masterpiece, so much so that it places Benoist among the ranks of the greatest artists of interiors and views of his time.
The sheets used for the preliminary studies vary in size (from 170 mm x 240 to 490 x 300 mm), weight and even color gradation (from beige to green). Many of the drawings undeniably represent different preparatory stages - more or less complete - of some of the dyed lithographs illustrating the magnificent work, others of the silographic vignettes included in the text, while other sketches do not find translation in print. Belonging to this second group are both sketches relating to monuments and views of Rome and its surroundings: ancient Ostia, Grottaferrata, Olevano Romano, Anzio, Nettuno, Velletri and Vicovaro. Far beyond from Rome are drawings relating to Naples and Loreto. The suite was to form part of the entire fund, later dispersed, of preparatory studies from which the hundred intended for lithographic printing were selected.
The drawing is an early preparatory sketch for the plate included in the first volume, Rome Antique: Tempio d'Antonino e Faustina e Tempio di Romolo e Remo, oggi Chiesa di S. Lorenzo in Miranda e de' SS. Cosmo e Damiano, in Campo Vaccino.
“Le portique de ce temple sert aujourd'hui de frontispice à l'église de Saint-Laurent in Miranda. IL se compose de six colonnes de face et de deux en profondeur. Ces colonnes, en marbre cipolin, sans cannelures, ont 43 pieds de haut, y compris le chapiteau et la base. Ce sont, dit Nibby, les plus hautes colonnes de cipolin qui soient connues. L'entablement est magnifique. La frise porte en relief des griffons, des candélabres et des vases d'un beau travail; on y lit cette inscription: DIVO. ANTONINS. ET. DIVAS. FAUSTINAE EX. S. C. La divine Faustine! Une partie des murs de la cella existe encore; ils sont faits en gros blocs de pierre d'Albano, que recouvraient autrefois des plaques de marbre blanc. Le temple était élevé de 5 métres et demi au-dessus du sol, et on y arrivait par un escalier de vingt et une marches. En avant était une enceinte décorée d'arcs et de colonnes, qui allait jusqu'à la Voie Sacrée” (Rome dans sa grandeur – Rome Antique, cap. II, p. 57)
Very interesting are the reports that are provided for the Temple of Romulus not only because of the accuracy of the historical-archaeological data but also because they consider the latest excavations in the courtyard of the Church of Saints Cosmas and Damian - of which the Temple of Romulus forms the vestibule – by archaeologist and architect Efisio Luigi Tocco in July 1867 to discover which brought to light new fragments of the so-called Forma Urbis Romae, (the marble plan of Rome carved between 203-211 CE, in the Severan age).
The first recorded rediscovery of the Severan marble plan was in 1562 when Giovanni Antonio Dosio excavated fragments near the sixth-century basilica church of Santi Cosma e Damiano. was a carved plan of the city of Rome produced during the first decade of the third century C.E. The recovered fragments were temporarily exhibited by the care of Onofrio Panvinio and reproduced in drawing in 11 plates by Fulvio Orsini in his Vatican Codex 3439. After Panvinio's death the originals, kept in Palazzo Farnese, were forgotten and partly lost; they were exhumed by Msgr. Bianchini in 1704, and transported first to the Vatican, then to the Capitoline Museum in 1742, much diminished and tampered with. Over time other fragments were fortunately found. Today about one-tenth of the total original plan remains, kept in the Museo della Forma Urbis.
“On donne ce nom, et quelquefois celui de Romulus et Remus, à la rotonde qui forme aujourd'hui le vestibule de l'église des Saints-Cosme-et-Damien. Le premier nom est exact, le second ne l'est pas. Le dieu du temple n'était point., en effet, le fondateur de Rome, le frère jaloux de Remus, mais bien un Romulus très-obscur, fils du tyran Maxence. Après la défaite de celui-ci par Constantin, les monuments du vaincu furent tous dédiés au vainqueur, et le nom de Constantin fut inscrit sur la façade du temple; on le lisait encore au temps de Panvinius. Aujourd'hui l'ancienne façade n'existe plus. Elle fut détruite par Arrigocci, sous le pontifìcat d'Urbain VIII, afin de mettrè la porte, qui s'ouvrait un peu plus à l'Est, dans l'axe de la nef de l'église moderne. Un dessin de Ligorio nous la représente formée de deux avant-corps et d'un arrière-corps. Les avant-corps étaient ornés de quatre grandes colonnes corinthiennes, et l'arrière-corps de huit petites. Enfin, de chaque coté du portique, étaient deux nichès avec leurs statues.
Le temple de Romulus est construit en briques, et, ainsi que nous l'avons dit, de forme circulaire. Les jambages de la porte sont en marbre et chargés d'ornements d'une sculpture médiocre. Le niveau actuel est beaucoup plus élevé que l'ancien. Derrière ce temple étaient deux autres temples de forme carrée et de construction plus anciennè, qui forment aujourd'hui, le premier la nef, et le second l'abside et la sacristie de l'église moderne. On ne sait quels étaient leurs vocables; ce qui est certain, c'est qu'il n'existait pas de relation entre eux et le temple de Romulus, puisque la direction de celui-ci était différente de la leur. Le troisième temple avait sa porte sur le coté droit de l'église, c'est-à-dire du coté de la basilique de Constantin, et c'est sur sa paroi extérieure, derrière la sacristie, que fut trouvé, au XVIe siècle, le fameux pian de Rome sur marbre blanc, qui est une des richesses du musée du Capitole. D'autres fragments du méme plan viennent d'étre découverts au méme lieu, par M. Louis Tocco, ansi qu'un grand et riche pavé au pied du mur”.
So, the Forma Urbis was affixed to the outer wall of one of the three ancient buildings that made up the church of SS. Cosmas and Damian that Onofrio Panvinio called Templum Urbis Romae. Eugene de La Gourniere, who writes the first two chapters of Rome Antique, believes that the reason for this name derives precisely from the plan of the city that covered its outer wall. Affirmation shared- as is recalled -by Cav. Giovanni Battista De Rossi (see Bullettino di Archeologia Cristiana, September and October 1867, pp.64-65).
“Panvinius nommait l'édifice auquel celte magnifique iconographie était fixée, Temple de la ville de Rome. Cette appellation, qu'on retrouve dans le livre pontificai, ne venait-elle pas précisément du plan de la ville qui y était exposé à tous les yeax? L'illustre chevalier de Rossi considère l'affirmative comme probable; il parait croire, en méme temps, avec Canina, que les constructions en pierres carrées, qui se voient sur le coté droit de l'église des Saints-Cosmie-et-Damien, étaient des dépendances du célèbre temple de la Paix” (Rome dans sa grandeur – Rome Antique, cap. II, pp. 57-58).
The last image, which is not for sale, represents the tinted lithograph included in Rome dans sa grandeur. Vues, monument ancient et modernes, and allows us to compare it with the preparatory drawing.
Félix Benoist was a skilful and composed litographer and one of the most renewed French artists of landscapes in the 19th century. He printed many works together with Philippe Benoist, painter and lithographer born in Geneva in 1813, among which are: “Rome dans sa grandeur” a beautiful and thorough work on Papal Rome.
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Félix Benoist was a skilful and composed litographer and one of the most renewed French artists of landscapes in the 19th century. He printed many works together with Philippe Benoist, painter and lithographer born in Geneva in 1813, among which are: “Rome dans sa grandeur” a beautiful and thorough work on Papal Rome.
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