The Mediterranean Sea Divided Into The Eastern and Western Seas, Subdivided Into Its Principal Parts or Seas. In Which Are O

A very rare map of the Mediterranean Sea, published by John Bowles in London.

Printed with the original plate by William Berry, with the dedication to King James II (circa 1685).

Etching, printed form two plates, with contemporary colouring, very good condition.

The family business was established by Thomas Bowles (I) (d. 1720). The core of his business, and that of his successors, was print-selling and publishing, with a sideline in maps that might be of interest to visitors to his shop, found at the Corner of ‘Paul’s Alley’, next door to the Chapter-House in St. Paul’s Church Yard, a bustling thoroughfare in the heart of the City of London, by St. Paul's Cathedral.

He was followed into business by his two sons, Thomas (II) and John; the business was transferred to Thomas (II) in about 1714, with the agreement that he would pay a total of £1,000 to John when he came of age, so he could set up his own business. Thomas (II) (1688-1767) went on to become a leading, and highly successful, London printseller and publisher. As a retailer, he also catered to map buyers; he published what might be termed “good shop stock”: separately published plans of London and environs, including an early pocket plan of the city, maps of England and Wales, Scotland, the British Isles, the world and so on. He was also a partner in a number of atlas projects, notably Owen and Bowen’s road-book, the ‘Britannia Depicta’, (1720), Moll’s ‘New Description of England and Wales’ (1724), ‘The World Described’ (1726 onward) and the ‘Large English Atlas’ in the 1750s.

Then, often working in conjunction with his brother, he published numbers of interesting broadsheet maps depicting important events of the period, such as theatre of war maps, siege-plans and battle-plans that would interest and inform his customers, to supplement the brief accounts in the news-sheets of the day, which were mostly unillustrated. Much of Bowles’ broadsheet output is rare today.

His brother John Bowles (1701-1779), in map terms at least, is the more interesting of the brothers; without the benefit of an existing stock to exploit, he had to rely on producing new and interesting maps for his clients. He is generally to be found as a co-partner with his brother on atlas projects, and they sometimes shared other publications. They were also avid buyers of existing plates, which could be put back into service, but John was a prolific publisher of original material, sold separately over his shop counter, whether detailing the latest discoveries in Arctic Canada, Spanish sieges of Gibraltar, maps of London with the latest developments, or wall maps of the world, Americas, and so on.

In about 1753, he was joined in partnership with his son Carington, and they worked together for about ten years as John Bowles & Son; by 1762, Thomas (II) had retired in favour of his son Thomas (III), but in that year Thomas (III) died suddenly. His father was compelled to return to trade, but with no intention of remaining; a deal was struck, and Carington left the partnership with his father to take over from Thomas (II) and thereafter they maintained separate businesses. The break does not seem to have been entirely a happy one; they continued to co-operate on existing stock, but generated little new together; when John died in 1779, the business went to Robert Wilkinson, who continued it on into the eighteenth century, content to reuse the existing plate stock with little interest in improving it.