

Reference: | s28904 |
Author | Gerard MERCATOR (Kremer) |
Year: | 1654 |
Zone: | Sicily |
Printed: | Amsterdam |
Measures: | 480 x 340 mm |
Reference: | s28904 |
Author | Gerard MERCATOR (Kremer) |
Year: | 1654 |
Zone: | Sicily |
Printed: | Amsterdam |
Measures: | 480 x 340 mm |
The map is prepared by Gerard Mercator for his Italia, Sclavoniae et Graeciae tabula geographicae (Duisburg, 1589), which includes an allegorical frontispiece and 22 maps of Italy, the Balkans and Greece.
Later, the maps are reprinted in the Atlantis Pars Altera (1595) published posthumously after the death of Mercator, by the Duisburg printer Albert Buys, under the supervision of his son Rumold Mercator. Composed of six parts - published separately between 1589 and 1594 - it includes 107 maps, all except Rumold's map of the world, made by Gerard Mercator.
The plates were then purchased by Jodocus Hondius, who between 1606 and 1630 used them for his Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi, integrating and updating them with his own "new" maps. Of Mercator's maps are also known reprints edited by Johannes Janssonius. The Hondius and Janssonius editions had a great commercial success and were printed in several languages, with the text on the back of the map in Latin, French, German and Dutch.
The map is engraved with the typical connotations of Mercatorian work. The mountains are aligned in a mountainous area concept, not to indicate true chains or valleys, and have a structure with some differences in size, but similar in shape, with vertical slopes and flat tops. The cities are shown through more or less large castles characterized by slender and pointed roofs, similar to wizard hats.
Rare Janssonius' edition from his nautical Atlas of 1636. The cartouche is different and the map reworkod.
“Si tratta dello stesso rame della prima edizione dell'atlante di Mercatore, del 1589, pubblicato per l'ultima volta da Janssonius nel 1635 nel Theatrum Italiae. Il rame di Mercatore viene ritoccato da Janssonius, tra il 1635 e il 1636, nel cartiglio, che risulta abraso e interamente modificato e nelle ondulazioni a tratteggio del mare, del tutto scomparse, mentre vengono inseriti vascelli e mostri marini. L'impianto topografico e onomastico non è assolutamente modificato; rimane sul rame anche l'antico imprint editoriale, in basso a sinistra: "Per Gerardum Mercatorem Cum Privilegio". Questa nuova versione viene pubblicata per la prima volta nel 1636. Quindi, sebbene risulti pubblicata un anno dopo la Sicilia di Blaeu, non ha alcuna relazione con questa se non per il fatto che Blaeu utilizza la carta di Mercatore, cioè quella pubblicata da Janssonius, come proprio modello.
La storia editoriale di questa mappa è alquanto complessa poiché è pubblicata in moltissime edizioni intermedie o varianti editoriali, in numero superiore a quelle da me segnalate nelle 'Altre edizioni'. Per un approfondimento maggiore si rimanda al lavoro analitico di Van der Krogt del 1997. È tuttavia abbastanza certo che questo rame ritoccato venne a sua volta sostituito in molti degli atlanti di Janssonius a partire dal 1646, allorché egli fece incidere una nuova carta della Sicilia (1645) con i propri dati editoriali, di dimensione leggermente maggiore. La carta mercatoriana continuò a essere utlizzata contemporaneamente e in alternativa alla nuova edizione del 1645 e venne stampata fino al 1666 quando fu inserita, per l'ultima volta, nell'Orbis Maritimum, pubblicato dagli eredi di Janssonius, con la sola aggiunta del numero 14 in basso a sinistra, a indicare la posizione della carta nell'Atlante.
Joannes Janssonius (Jan Janszoon il vecchio) nacque ad Arnhem nel 1588, figlio di un editore e mercante di libri, Jan Jansz. le cui date di nascita e morte sono sconosciute, ma che tuttavia era già scomparso nel 1650. L'attività editoriale dei Janssonius andò ben oltre il piccolo paese di Arnhem, grazie anche alla relazione che essi strinsero con la casa editoriale degli Hondius in Amsterdam. Tra le prime attività comuni va ricordato l'Atlas Minor di Mercatore del 1607, ma negli stessi anni il padre pubblicava anche in proprio come risulta dal- l'edizione del 1615 de Le Miroir du Monde, di Zacharias Heyns e dall'edizione della Geografia di Tolomeo, curata da Magini, nel 1617. La stretta omonimia tra padre e figlio ha portato talvolta a confondere i due nomi e le due attività. Joannes sposò, nel 1612, Elisabeth Hondius, figlia di Jodocus (1563-1612) e dopo tale data si trasferì ad Amsterdam. Nel 1629, a seguito della morte di Jodocus, egli pubblicò con Henricus Hondius (1597-1651) alcune Appendici all'atlante di Mercatore, entrando in breve in competizione con i Blaeu, cui contese il ricco mercato delle carte e degli atlanti. In seguito continuò a pubblicare atlanti in proprio, realizzandone di completamente nuovi già a partire dal 1630. Il suo Atlas fu pubblicato con testi in latino, tedesco, olandese, e inglese. Ma già a partire dal 1636 iniziò la stampa dell'Atlas Novus, che recò il nome di Hondius fino al 1646, opera con la quale raggiunse il numero di sei volumi. L'Atlas Major, pubblicato a partire dal 1658, con 10 e 11 volumi, non fu una vera e propria opera omogenea quanto piuttosto una raccolta di tutto quanto prodotto nella sua casa editoriale e da altri editori olandesi, dei quali aveva raccolto i rami o i diritti.
Morì nel 1664, senza eredi maschi, e la sua attività editoriale fu divisa tra tre suoi eredi; solo la produzione di Atlanti non fu smembrata e rimase come pubblicazione comune, nei sei anni seguenti la morte, nelle mani della figlia Elisabeth che aveva sposato l'editore Joannes van Waesbergen. Sotto il suo nome, cui aggiunse quello di Janssonius, furono pubblicati i suoi atlanti ancora per sei anni.” (Valerio-Spagnolo "Sicilia 1477-1861", p. 243).
Copper engraving with fine later hand colour, in good condition.
Bibliografia
cfr. Koeman II Me 11 e Koeman II Me 13A, 1595); Van der Krogt 1:002; J. Keuning, The History of an Atlas, in “Imago Mundi” IV (1947) pp. 37-43; World Encompassed p. 134; Valerio-Spagnolo "Sicilia 1477-1861", pp. 243-245, n. 91.
Gerard MERCATOR (Kremer) (1512 - 1594)
For nearly sixty years, during the most important and exciting period in the story of modern map making, Gerard Mercator was the supreme cartographer, his name, second only to Ptolemy, synonymous with the form of map projection still in use today. Although not the inventor of this type of projection he was the first to apply it to navigational charts in such a form that compass bearings could be plotted on charts in straight lines, thereby providing seamen with a solution to an age-old problem of navigation at sea. His influence transformed land surveying and his researches and calculations led him to break away from Ptolemy's conception of the size and outline of the Continents, drastically reducing the longitudinal length of Europe and Asia and altering the shape of the Old World as visualized in the early sixteenth century.
Mercator was born in Rupelmonde in Flanders and studied in Louvain under Gemma Frisius, Dutch writer, astronomer and mathematician. He established himself there as a cartographer and instrument and globe maker, and when he was twenty-five drew and engraved his first map (of Palestine) and went on to produce a map of Flanders (1540) supervising the surveying and completing the drafting and engraving himself. The excellence of his work brought him the patronage of Charles V for whom he constructed a globe, but in spite of his favor with the Emperor he was caught up in the persecution of Lutheran protestants and charged with heresy, fortunately without serious consequences. No doubt the fear of further persecution influenced his move in 1552 to Duisburg, where he continued the production of maps, globes and instruments culminating in large-scale maps of Europe (1554), the British Isles (1564) and the famous World Map on 18 sheets drawn to his new projection (1569). All these early maps are exceedingly rare, some being known by only one copy.
In later life he devoted himself to his edition of the maps in Ptolemy's Geographia, reproduced in his own engraving as nearly as possible in their original form, and to the preparation of his 3-volume collection of maps to which, for the first time, the word 'Atlas' was applied. The word was chosen, he wrote, 'to honour the Titan, Atlas, King of Mauritania, a learned philosopher, mathematiciar, and astronomer' . The first two parts of the Atlas were published in 1585 and 1589 and the third, with the first two making a complete edition, in 1595 the year after Mercator's death.
Mercator's sons and grandsons, named above, were all cartographers and made their contributions in various ways to the great atlas. Rumold, in particular, was responsible for the complete edition in 1595. After a second complete edition in 1602, the map plates were bought in 1604 by Jodocus Hondius who, with his sons, Jodocus II and Henricus, published enlarged editions which dominated the map market for the following twenty to thirty years.
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Gerard MERCATOR (Kremer) (1512 - 1594)
For nearly sixty years, during the most important and exciting period in the story of modern map making, Gerard Mercator was the supreme cartographer, his name, second only to Ptolemy, synonymous with the form of map projection still in use today. Although not the inventor of this type of projection he was the first to apply it to navigational charts in such a form that compass bearings could be plotted on charts in straight lines, thereby providing seamen with a solution to an age-old problem of navigation at sea. His influence transformed land surveying and his researches and calculations led him to break away from Ptolemy's conception of the size and outline of the Continents, drastically reducing the longitudinal length of Europe and Asia and altering the shape of the Old World as visualized in the early sixteenth century.
Mercator was born in Rupelmonde in Flanders and studied in Louvain under Gemma Frisius, Dutch writer, astronomer and mathematician. He established himself there as a cartographer and instrument and globe maker, and when he was twenty-five drew and engraved his first map (of Palestine) and went on to produce a map of Flanders (1540) supervising the surveying and completing the drafting and engraving himself. The excellence of his work brought him the patronage of Charles V for whom he constructed a globe, but in spite of his favor with the Emperor he was caught up in the persecution of Lutheran protestants and charged with heresy, fortunately without serious consequences. No doubt the fear of further persecution influenced his move in 1552 to Duisburg, where he continued the production of maps, globes and instruments culminating in large-scale maps of Europe (1554), the British Isles (1564) and the famous World Map on 18 sheets drawn to his new projection (1569). All these early maps are exceedingly rare, some being known by only one copy.
In later life he devoted himself to his edition of the maps in Ptolemy's Geographia, reproduced in his own engraving as nearly as possible in their original form, and to the preparation of his 3-volume collection of maps to which, for the first time, the word 'Atlas' was applied. The word was chosen, he wrote, 'to honour the Titan, Atlas, King of Mauritania, a learned philosopher, mathematiciar, and astronomer' . The first two parts of the Atlas were published in 1585 and 1589 and the third, with the first two making a complete edition, in 1595 the year after Mercator's death.
Mercator's sons and grandsons, named above, were all cartographers and made their contributions in various ways to the great atlas. Rumold, in particular, was responsible for the complete edition in 1595. After a second complete edition in 1602, the map plates were bought in 1604 by Jodocus Hondius who, with his sons, Jodocus II and Henricus, published enlarged editions which dominated the map market for the following twenty to thirty years.
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