Carta geometrica della Toscana ricavata dal vero [...] dedicata a S. A. I. e R. Leopoldo II , Principe Imperiale d'Austria...
| Reference: | S49622 |
| Author | Giovanni INGHIRAMI |
| Year: | 1830 |
| Zone: | Toscana |
| Printed: | Florence |
| Measures: | 1140 x 1480 mm |
€1,200.00
| Reference: | S49622 |
| Author | Giovanni INGHIRAMI |
| Year: | 1830 |
| Zone: | Toscana |
| Printed: | Florence |
| Measures: | 1140 x 1480 mm |
€1,200.00
Description
Carta geometrica della Toscana ricavata dal vero nella proporzione di 1 a 200.000 e dedicata a S. A. I. e R. Leopoldo II , Principe Imperiale d'Austria, Principe Reale d'Ungheria e di Boemia, Arciduca d'Austria, granduca di Toscana etc. etc. dal suo ossequiosissimo servo e suddito Giovanni Inghirami delle Scuole Pie, Firenze 1830.
Large and important geographic survey of Tuscany (measures mm 1480x1140), consisting of 4 copper-engraved sheets, intelted and folded inside contemporay marbled cardboard slipcase.
The two northern sheets bear at the top a list of the principal elevations calculated in French feet. The two southern sheets contain numerous town plans at the scale of 1:35000, title, legend of conventional signs, and graphic scales. Other scales used: of 15 Italian miles of 60 to the degree = mm 140 and of 5000 Florentine braccia for city plans and lands = mm 85.
Work of extreme importance in the history of Tuscan cartography: with it and with the formation of the “Catasto Geometrico - Particellare Lorenese” the new era of “scientific cartography” was implemented for the country; Giovanni Inghirami's project marked an absolute European record in the coordinated creation of cartography for cadastral purposes and chorographic cartography for administrative and scientific purposes.
The lower margin bears small maps of Florence, Pisa, Siena, Livorno, Pistoia, Arezzo, Prato, Volterra, and 18 other smaller cities.
Father Giovanni Inghirami was born in Volterra on April 26, 1779 and was a great astronomer, geodesist and geographer. On December 11, 1795, he entered the Congregation of the Scolopians. He was a member of numerous academies, including the Crusca, the Academy of Quaranta, and the geographic academies of Berlin and London. He began the triangulation of Tuscany by producing the Geometric Map of the Grand Duchy. He directed the Observatory until 1848. He died in Florence on August 15, 1851.
Minimal oxidation, otherwise in good condition.
“La certezza di poter giungere alla realizzazione della carta pervenne ad Inghirami solo dopo la decretazione regia del 7 ottobre 1817, sia perché le iniziative intraprese a titolo personale dallo scolopio avevano riscosso una generale approvazione sul piano scientifico, sia perché, dopo circa ottant’anni, nello Stato “per la prima volta tutti si riunirono i mezzi necessarii al buon’esito di questo assunto grandioso: profonda e stabil pace, pubblica opulenza, volontà sovrana, legge del Catasto, copia di eletti ed opportuni strumenti” (Inghirami G., 1831, p. 70). Non bastava, cioè provvedere solo a creare una solida rete geodetica per costruire una carta geometrica dello Stato, perché il materiale cartografico disponibile all’epoca era costituito da “abbozzi di carte e di descrizioni non solo ammezzate ed informi, ma erronee e sfigurate in maniera, che niun profitto, niun materiale avrebbe potuto trarsene, per la compilazione della vera Mappa toscana” (Inghirami G., 1831, p. 70). Bisognava, in altri termini, condurre un’operazione di rilevamento topografico sistematica e regolare per tutto il territorio, che potesse godere dell’imprescindibile appoggio alla rete trigonometrica dello Stato e che fosse realizzata con criteri di omogeneità generale, sia nella selezione dei particolari topografici da registrare, sia nell’impiego di metodi e di strumenti. Dopo circa dieci anni di misure, di calcoli e di disegni di tutte le mappe catastali, furono portate a compimento, operando esclusivamente nell’ipotesi di Terra piana. Da tali elaborati di base furono derivati i quadri d’insieme, che furono a loro volta ridotti alla scala 1:200000 per l’allestimento della gran carta corografica toscana” (cfr. Andrea Cantile La Carta Geometrica della Toscana: affrancamento dalla “disonorante indolenza” e primato cartografico europeo, p. 85).
Bibliografia
Andra Cantile, La Carta Geometrica della Toscana: affrancamento dalla “disonorante indolenza” e primato cartografico europeo in “Toscana geometrica La prima corografia geodetica regionale e il contributo dell’Osservatorio Ximeniano”, Firenze - Istituto Geografico Militare – 2008, pp. 85-104.
Giovanni INGHIRAMI (Volterra 1779 - Firenze 1851)
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Giovanni Inghirami (Volterra, April 16, 1779 - Florence, August 15, 1851) was an Italian presbyter and astronomer. A valley on the moon and a crater, the Inghirami crater, are named after him. Two other scholars stand out in his family: Tommaso (1470-1516) (a humanist), and Francesco (1772-1846), (an archaeologist), (Giovanni's brother). He received his education in his native city at St. Michael's College, with the Scolopian friars. He entered the religious order at age 17 and later became a professor of mathematics and philosophy in Volterra, where one of his students was the future Pope Pius IX. In 1805 he traveled to northern Italy and was engaged for a few months in scientific work in Milan. He was then called to Florence to fill the dual position of mathematics and astronomy teacher at the Collegio degli Scolopi. His first publications were articles on hydraulics, statics and astronomy, astronomical tables and basic manuals in mathematics, trigonometry and geography. In 1830, after prolonged observations for 14 years, he published, under the patronage of Grand Duke Ferdinand III, a “Topographic and Geometric Map of Tuscany” at a scale of 1:200,000. When the Berlin Academy of Sciences undertook the construction of a complete astronomical atlas, he was assigned a section. His work in this task won him high praise. He later became provincial and general of his order, but his failing health and his love of scientific research led him to refuse this second assignment, which would have required his transfer to Rome, and to accept the position of vicar-general. He returned to Florence and, although nearly blind for some many years, continued his work as a teacher until a few months before his death.
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Giovanni INGHIRAMI (Volterra 1779 - Firenze 1851)
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Giovanni Inghirami (Volterra, April 16, 1779 - Florence, August 15, 1851) was an Italian presbyter and astronomer. A valley on the moon and a crater, the Inghirami crater, are named after him. Two other scholars stand out in his family: Tommaso (1470-1516) (a humanist), and Francesco (1772-1846), (an archaeologist), (Giovanni's brother). He received his education in his native city at St. Michael's College, with the Scolopian friars. He entered the religious order at age 17 and later became a professor of mathematics and philosophy in Volterra, where one of his students was the future Pope Pius IX. In 1805 he traveled to northern Italy and was engaged for a few months in scientific work in Milan. He was then called to Florence to fill the dual position of mathematics and astronomy teacher at the Collegio degli Scolopi. His first publications were articles on hydraulics, statics and astronomy, astronomical tables and basic manuals in mathematics, trigonometry and geography. In 1830, after prolonged observations for 14 years, he published, under the patronage of Grand Duke Ferdinand III, a “Topographic and Geometric Map of Tuscany” at a scale of 1:200,000. When the Berlin Academy of Sciences undertook the construction of a complete astronomical atlas, he was assigned a section. His work in this task won him high praise. He later became provincial and general of his order, but his failing health and his love of scientific research led him to refuse this second assignment, which would have required his transfer to Rome, and to accept the position of vicar-general. He returned to Florence and, although nearly blind for some many years, continued his work as a teacher until a few months before his death.
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